There’s an interesting discussion here and (part 2) here by Tony Cliff, whose current intellectual progeny are the UK’s beloved Socialist Workers’ Party. For those with a low Marxist-tolerance-threshold I will summarise:
1) Marx thought that capitalism set up the preconditions for socialism by, among other things, replacing small-scale individual enterprises with large-scale, industrial enterprises (such as latter-day TNCs) thus performing on its own the task of ‘collectivising’ the economy. This seems to be broadly true.
2) Marx ALSO thought, however, that (A) the exact same process would go on in agriculture, with larger and larger farms progressively squeezing out small ones. As a result, he also thought that (B) the class divisions in the countryside would grow sharper and sharper, as a mass of owner-workers separated into a mass of workers and a small group of owners. Finally, he thought that (C) socialist revolution would only be successful in highly advanced, industrialised countries, like the UK, where a developed industrial sector would be able to pump resources into the agricultural sector (machinery, fertilisers, GM crops, etc. all of which can be better used by large farms than by small ones) so as to speed up its collectivisation.
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